INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER

WHAT IS A COMPUTER 

The   World laptop is  digital gadget that may carry out a wide range of duties by executing a ven set of directions. It is flexible and might deal with a number of duties like documentation, accounting, budgeting, designing, entertaining, imparting training, airways, railways and different bookings, and climate forecasting amongst many different duties. The full type of COMPUTER is Common Oriented Machine significantly Used for Trade and Education Research. 

CHARACTERISTICS OF A COMPUTER 

A pc is able to performing extremely advanced duties, which people aren't capable of carry out effectively. Let us talk about its strengths and limitations: 

LENGTHS OF A COMPUTER 

1, SPEED: A pc works at a tremendous pace with out making any mistake. A traditional individual would full a selected process in a number of hours, whereas the identical process is completed by a pc throughout the fraction of a second. Calculations may be performed in microseconds (i.e., miltionth of a second). The pace of a pc is measured in milliseconds or nanoseconds. 

2. ACCURACY: In addition to hurry, a pc performs its process with nice accuracy. It hardly commits any mistake within the processing of information. The errors usually happen when the enter is inaccurate or the {hardware} is just not functioning correctly. 

3. RELIABILITY: A pc is extra dependable than a human being because it by no means will get drained and bored of the repetitive duties. It can function for lengthy hours with out taking restwith its accuracy intact. 

4. STORAGE CAPACITY: A pc can retailer a considerable amount of knowledge in its reminiscence whereas a human being can retain solely a restricted quantity of knowledge. The knowledge in laptop's reminiscence may be saved within the type of paperwork, graphics, sound, and so on., which may be retrieved each time required. 

5. VERSATILITY A pc can carry out varied kinds of jobs. While engaged on any bundle, we will play video games, do calculations, make animations, browse cyberspace, ship e-mail, and so on. For occasion, one can get pleasure from listeningto music whereas typing in MS Word. 

6. REDUCTION IN MANPOWER: Computer has helped the entrepreneurs to work extra effectively. As a consequence, fewer persons are required to do the identical job. We also can see this in banks, industries and in virtually all authorities and personal sector places of work.

7. REDUCTION IN PAPER WORK: With the usage of computer systems, a considerable amount of paper wastage may be prevented in any organisation. A pc shops knowledge within the type of information that helps in decreasing a variety of paper work. For instance, the information of scholars in a college may be saved on a pc relatively than protecting the guide information for every particular person. Moreover, details about any scholar may be obtained simply and shortly with the assistance of a pc.

LIMITATIONS OF A COMPUTER 

1. INCAPABILITY TO THINK: A pc can't assume and take selections by itself. In case of any error, it cannottake another motion. 

2. NO INTELLIGENCE: Unlike human beings, a pc has no IQ. It wants directions at each step. 

3. DEPENDENCE ON POWER: A pc is an digital machine and thus its dependence on energy makes it expensive.

A COMPUTER SYSTEM 

Acomputer system may be thought-about as the mixture of {hardware} and software program which processes knowledge to transform it intoamyfltiTgful info. 

HARDWARE 

Hardware refers to all of the bodily parts of a pc system. It contains all enter gadgets, processing gadgets, storage gadgets, and output gadgets. The motherboard, monitor, keyboard, mouse, printers, and the ICs (built-in circuitry) are all examples of {hardware}. TheCPU (Central Processing Unit) chip, is crucial processing gadget, which is part of the {hardware}. 

Motherboard: A motherboard is a really important a part of a pc. It is a PCB (Printed Circuit Board), which holds collectively many essential and necessary parts of a pc. These embody reminiscence, the CPU(Central Processing Unit) and connectors for enter and output gadgets. The motherboard is product of an insulated rigidplastic sheet. Thin layers of copper or aluminum are printed on this sheet. These printed layers are additionally referred to as traces. The motherboard additionally has plenty of slots and sockets to connect with different parts. Expansion playing cards like community orvideo playing cards may also be plugged into the motherboard to reinforce the efficiency of a pc. 

SOFTWARE

 software program is a set of applications which controls the inner operations of a pc and instructs a pc what to do. E.G. UNIX, MS Word, and so on. Software is of two varieties: System software program and Application software program. 

Operating System: Operating system (OS) is crucial software program on the pc. Every basic purpo^ laptop wants an OS to run purposes and applications. The OS performs primary duties like understanding enter from the keyboard and sending output to the show display screen, tt retains monitor of directories and information on storage gadgets and even controls the peripheral gadgets like printers, scanners, and so on. Unix, Linux, Windows, and Android are a few of the in style working techniques. The  consumer interface of an working system may be text-based or graphics-based. Most modem working techniques have a GUI (Graphical User Interface), which shows pictures and photos that allow you to work together with the pc. 

FUNCTIONS OF A COMPUTER 

1. Accepts the information given by the consumer (Input). 

2. Processes the information in line with a given set of directions (Processing). 

3. Stores the information (Storage). 

4. Gives the specified consequence in line with the consumer's requirement (Output). 

1. INPUT: A pc accepts the enter given by the consumer. It may be within the type of directions or knowledge. Instructions (instructions) are given to the pc to function on the information. It might be a single command to do a process or a set of directions to carry out a sequence of steps. This set of directions is named a program. 

2. PROCESSING: The strategy of changing unorganised knowledge into significant info in line with the consumer's directions is named Processing. 

3.STORAGEANDRETRIEVALlnputisstoredinthememoryofacomputer.ltcanberetrievedwheneverrequired.

4. OUTPUT: The last consequence or output, accessible to the consumer, both on the monitor (Soft Copy) or as a printout (Hard Copy) is called output